What do we mean by "sexuality"?
- Distinct from 'geder' or biology.- The expression of sexual identity through internal feelings and external behaviour.
- Can also refer to sexual ectivity (in particular visual representation).
Sexuality in the media - Visual presentation of sexual expression (eroticism, pornography)
- Identity representations of sexual expression (LGBT, asexualism, pansexualism)
Visual representation
Eroticism (erotica) - aesthetic depiction of sexuality; may not involve nudity.
Pornography - explicit depiction of seuality; usually via nudity and graphic sexual activity.
Media censorship
- Depiction of sex & sexuality in media traditionally mediated by external censors.
- UK - broadcasting legislations, watchdogs (Ofcom).
- US - FCC (Federal Communications Commission).
Media censorship
- Broadcast networks also have individual editorial guidlines.
- 'Moral majority' also act as external watchdogs (Mary Whitehouse, national press).
Sexual representation
- Sexua representation in TV and film historically tightly controlled until 70s liberalisation.
- First portrayals of nudity and gay characters.
- Stereotypes.
Sexual stereotypes
- Libertine
- Camp
- 'Butch'
- Asexual
Sexuality and iconography
- Ellen DeGeneres, feminist gay icon.Ellen (The Puppy Episode, 1997)
- Ellen DeGenres sitcom persona 'onscreen outing' towards end of 4th season.
- Right-wing Christian groups pressured to drop; advertisers pulled out.
- Drew 42m viewers. Series dropped after 5th season nut paved way for other shows.
Queer Theory
- Theorists such as Judith Butler argue gender & sexuality are social constructs informed by media and representation.
- Alternative to gay & lesbian critical theory which places secuality in historical, social and politcal contexts.
- Queer Theory allows for reinterpretation of mainstream heteronormality.
Freud and sexual theory
- 'The inconcious' - repressed or sublimated sexual desire expressed through 'subtext'.
- Polymorphism - existing in different forms (sexual diviancy outside heteronormative).
- Scopophilia/Voyeurism.
- Oedipal & Electra Complex.
Girls (2012-2017)
Sitcom (?) written and directed by Lena Dunham.- Female-centric depiction of sexuality.
- HBO series outside FCC control.
- Frank language, nudity and sexual depictions.
Agency
- 'Agency' has become new criterion for analysing representation.
- To what extent diversity characters (non-hetero white male) creates, drives and changes plot.
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